Analysis of Relationship among Personal Hygiene, Self-Confidence, Social Perception, and Self-Efficacy among Female University Students

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the role of personal hygiene in predicting self-confidence, social perception, and self-efficacy among female university students in Sialkot, Pakistan. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 147 female students aged 18–30 years enrolled in public and private universities, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and one-sample t-tests were used to assess the variables. The findings revealed that participants demonstrated high levels of personal hygiene (M = 41.36, SD = 6.64) and self-efficacy (M = 36.62, SD = 5.83). Significant differences were observed for personal hygiene (t(146) = 75.55, p < .001) and self-confidence (t(146) = 68.43, p = .004), indicating relatively stronger levels of these constructs among the participants. In contrast, social perception and self-efficacy did not show statistically significant differences. The results suggest that personal hygiene is positively associated with self-confidence and may contribute to a positive self-image and emotional well-being. However, its influence on social perception and self-efficacy appears limited. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating personal hygiene awareness into university wellness and mental health programs to promote confidence and psychosocial development among female students.