Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age: A Quantitative Analysis

Abstract

Contraceptive use refers to the intended prevention of conceiving through various methods, including devices, medications, and surgical procedures. Factors such as spousal communication, religious beliefs, and societal expectations significantly influence decision-making around family planning (Khan et al., 2023). Despite high awareness of contraceptive methods, the actual usage remains low due to these contextual factors. This research aligns with global health initiatives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasize the importance of universal access to sexual and reproductive health services. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey design to analyze factors influencing contraceptive use among women aged 20-49 in Lahore. A stratified random sampling method ensured diverse representation, targeting a minimum of 250 participants. The research adapted scales from Prata et al. (2017) and Tiruneh et al. (2023) to assess partner support and women's knowledge and attitudes toward contraceptives. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, to identify significant predictors of contraceptive use. The study found that higher educational attainment (72.4% of respondents) correlates with positive attitudes toward contraceptive use. Significant partner support was reported, with 53.6% feeling supported in their contraceptive choices. However, misconceptions persist, particularly regarding the intersection of contraceptive use and religious beliefs, with 36.0% expressing concerns about its compatibility with their faith. Regression analysis revealed age, number of children, religion, and ethnicity as significant predictors of knowledge, attitudes, and partner support related to contraceptive use. These findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive educational interventions tailored to specific demographic factors to improve reproductive health outcomes. This study highlights the complex factors influencing contraceptive use among women, including age, partner support, and cultural beliefs. Tailored educational interventions are essential, targeting different age groups and involving male partners in family planning discussions. Addressing misconceptions through culturally sensitive campaigns, particularly with the support of community and religious leaders, is crucial for improving contraceptive uptake.